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Since the early days of the republic the federal judiciary has reviewed the constitutionality of legislation enacted by congress the courts decision in marbury vmadison 1803 implied and later cases confirmed that federal courts also possess authority to review the actions of the executive branch as another essay in this series explains that review frequently concerns the actions of . The supreme court of the united states has an extremely important policymaking role and this has an enormous impact on the criminal justice system as discussed in a previous section the supreme court has the power of judicial review this power was first exercised in the landmark case of marbury v madison decided in 1803 in that case the . Hether health policies take the form of laws rules or regulations operational decisions or judicial decisions as described in chapter 1 they are all decisions and they are made through a complex decision making processwith certain variations policies at the federal state and local levels of government are made through similar processes. There are three further aspects to this discussion that deserve elaboration judicial discretion and judgment the distinction between policymaking and partisanship and the impact of legal realism and academic studies of judicial decision making on the perception of judging i begin with judicial discretion and judgment. Support the work of the judicial conference committee on international judicial relations the chief justice presides over the judicial conference of the united states the national policymaking body of the federal courts congress passed legislation establishing the earliest form of the judicial conference in 1922 today 26 judges comprise the